溝通與廣告策略Communications and Advertising Strategy(ppt)
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溝通與廣告策略Communications and Advertising Strategy(ppt)
Chapter 10
Communications and Advertising Strategy
溝通與廣告策略
10.1 Communications溝通
Sender
發(fā)送者 媒介(通路) 接收者
Channels: 通路 、管道
Personal人員 : sale force 銷售員
Nonpersonal非人員 (mass media大眾媒體): TV, newspaper, radio, direct mail, billboards廣告牌, magazine, internet,
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Advertising廣告
advantages優(yōu)點:
Message content control:control over what you can say to potential customers.可控制對潛在顧客所說的內(nèi)容
Very large reach:can reach a large number of customers efficiently 可有效傳達(dá)至大量顧客
Flexibility: images, symbols, and creative/ copy strategies. Many different kinds of images and symbol can be presented through a wide variety of media. 可經(jīng)由多種媒體傳送許多不同的影像、符號
Drawbacks缺點:
Evaluating effectiveness is difficult:評估其效能有困難
Often very expensive:經(jīng)常花費很大
Waste:經(jīng)常浪費,因為不是直接針對特定顧客的最好溝通
Noise:經(jīng)常被忽略或干擾
Clutter雜亂:顧客被廣告疲勞轟炸,廣告效果打折
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Direct Marketing 直接營銷
Direct marketing forms形式
Telemarketing電話營銷, direct-mail marketing直接郵件營銷, direct sales直銷, Internet網(wǎng)絡(luò)營銷.
Key advantages關(guān)鍵優(yōu)點:
Focus on target鎖定目標(biāo),Customized messages客制訊息, little waste很少浪費, evaluation is easy評估容易。
Key drawbacks缺點:
Consumer dislike消費者不喜歡, global restrictions全球限制, clutter, low response rates低響應(yīng)率.
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Sales Promotion促銷
Provide extra incentives to consumers or sales force to achieve a short-term objective.對消費者或銷售員提供額外的誘因以達(dá)成短期目標(biāo)
Consumer-Oriented Techniques銷費者導(dǎo)向技術(shù):
Coupons贈券, sweepstakes抽獎, rebates退費, samples贈送樣本, and point-of-purchase savings累積點數(shù)
Objective: stimulate short-term sales.目標(biāo):刺激短期銷售
Trade-Oriented Techniques貿(mào)易導(dǎo)向技術(shù):
Sales contests銷售比賽, training訓(xùn)練, and quantity discounts數(shù)量折扣
Objective: obtain distribution獲得經(jīng)銷商的支持.
優(yōu)點:產(chǎn)生可量測的短期銷售反應(yīng)
缺點:著重價格,導(dǎo)致顧客變得價格敏感、只有交易忠誠
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Publicity and Public Relations宣傳與公共關(guān)系
Sponsoring organization normally does not pay for the communication.正常下溝通不由負(fù)責(zé)機構(gòu)支付
Publicity typically takes the form of an article in a magazine/newspaper or TV news coverage宣傳的一般形式為雜志/報紙的文章或電視畫面.
Key advantage:
More credible than advertising.比較有公信力
Key drawback:
Sponsoring company has little control over placement or content贊助公司很難控制置入位置/時段或內(nèi)容.
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Personal Selling
The use of face-to-face communications between seller and buyer.買賣者之間使用面對面溝通
Largest part of marketing budget for business-to-business marketers.企業(yè)間大部分營銷使用此形式
Key advantages:
Customized presentations客制簡報
Immediate feedback to questions.對問題立即回饋
Key drawbacks:
Expensive費用太高
Control over final message delivered by sales representative is difficult.很難控制銷售代表最后的作法
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Packaging包裝
Can communication messages about benefits, as well as image.可傳遞有關(guān)效益及形象的訊息
Trade shows貿(mào)易展
Key business-to-business communication venue.企業(yè)間溝通的重要場所
Events and Sponsorships事件活動與贊助
Product Placement on TV Shows and in Movies (Branded Entertainment)電視節(jié)目級電影中置入產(chǎn)品(品牌娛樂)
Product Demonstrations產(chǎn)品展示
Different task – different methods
不同任務(wù)─不同方法
Classically advertising has dominated the picture through mass media. 傳統(tǒng)上廣告透過大眾媒體主導(dǎo)形像。This is still the most effective way to create brand perceptions.廣告仍是創(chuàng)造品牌認(rèn)知最有效的方式。
When brands are built, other methods are more important e.g. sales promotion當(dāng)品牌建立后,其它方法就比較重要了,如促銷。
Advertising management廣告管理
Target audience目標(biāo)對象
Goal setting目標(biāo)設(shè)定
Message strategy訊息策略
Media planning媒體規(guī)劃
Budgeting預(yù)算制定
Measurement量測成效
Select the target audience
Customers
Noncustomers: potential investors, regulators, channel members, employees, others.
Setting Advertising Goals
To place sales goals on advertising is inappropriate
Intermediate objectives: customer response
Become aware
Develop attitude, preference, interest
Visit retailer, return reply card
Advertising Management
Developing the Message Strategy
Informational / Rational Appeals信息/理性吸引
Focus on functional or practical aspects of the product強調(diào)功能或?qū)嶋H面.
May feature a unique selling proposition也許描述獨特的銷售主張.
Several general types:
Feature/benefit appeals特征/效益吸引
Competitive advantage appeals競爭優(yōu)勢吸引
Favorable price appeals價格吸引
News appeals新主導(dǎo)
Product or service popularity appeals受歡迎
Product attributes.產(chǎn)品屬性
Advertising Management
Emotional Appeals
Attempt to appeal to an underlying psychological aspect of the purchase decision.
Several general types:
Humor幽默
Dramatization戲劇
Fantasy幻想
Personality symbols個性符號
Slice of life生命部分
Animation動畫
Testimonials證明書
Fear恐懼
Guilt罪惡
Sex性
Emotional appeals may enhance recall and brand liking.
Emotional vs. Rational
These ads demonstrate rational versus emotional message appeals. At the time of the initial ad campaign for the new Infiniti automobiles, the ads for rival Lexus (top) emphasized design and engineering, while the ads for Infiniti (bottom) did not even show the car.
Humor Appeals
This ad relies upon humor to communicate the message that skiers and snowboarders should wear helmets.
Copy testing
Evaluating Message Copy
評估訊息腳本
Laboratory Test實驗室測試
Consumer jury消費者小組
Portfolio test組合測試
Readability tests可讀性測試
Physiological methods物理學(xué)方法
Pupil dilation瞳孔放大
GSR/EDR(流電/電極反應(yīng))
Eye Tracking(眼睛追蹤)
Evaluating Message Copy
評估訊息腳本
Real-world Measures真實世界量測
Dummy advertising vehicles假的廣告載具
Inquiry tests詢問測試
On-the-air/recall tests播放/回憶測試
Recognition tests認(rèn)識測試
Sales/minimarket tests銷售/迷你市場測試
Selecting media
Traditional media and New media
Traditional media
TV
Magazines and newspapers(print)
Radio
Cable TV
Outdoor
New Media
The web
Branded Entertainment
Influencing Word-of-Mouth
Cell phones, video games, online games, blogs,
Advertising Management
Media Category Strengths & Weaknesses
Television
Reaches large numbers of people quickly
Best medium for action and image advertising
Enormously costly非常昂貴
Difficult to target narrow markets effectively
Not a strong choice for informational copy
Technology can be used to zap 快速移動or delete ads
Cable Television
Inexpensive
Can be targeted to more specific audiences
Offers the creative flexibility of television
Reach via certain channels can be low
Advertising Management
Media Category Strengths & Weaknesses
Magazines and Newspapers
Print is better for complicated messages
Longer message life; pass-along readership
Magazines are better than newspapers for color reproduction and for targeting more specific targets
Radio
Very inexpensive
Ads can be developed and aired quickly
Excellent for targeting specific audiences
Creative flexibility
Clutter and lack of demonstration are disadvantages
Advertising Management
Media Category Strengths & Weaknesses
Outdoor
Strong reminder medium; good for image advertising
Short message exposure time limits content
Legal regulations on location, size, and usage exist
The Web
Banner 大標(biāo)題ad click-through rates are low (less than 1%)
Banner ads impact awareness, attitudes, and brand equity positively
Pop-up ads achieve strong reach, but are annoying to consumers
The web offers interactivity that no other medium can match
Advertising Management
Choosing Specific Media Vehicles
Analyzing Media
Cost per thousand (CPM)
Gross rating points (GRPs)
Ratings and circulation data
Vehicle ratings by product usage
Regional differentiation
Contextual Fit
Media fit
Program and ad context
Duplication and Wearout
Duplication (frequency) is useful
Wearout occurs when customers tire of ad
Budgeting for advertising
There are different methods used to budget:
percentage of sales,
competitive parity,
objective and task,
affordability
The most often used method:
objective and task
Overall: try to justify strategic spending and communicate to company management
__
溝通與廣告策略Communications and Advertising Strategy(ppt)
Chapter 10
Communications and Advertising Strategy
溝通與廣告策略
10.1 Communications溝通
Sender
發(fā)送者 媒介(通路) 接收者
Channels: 通路 、管道
Personal人員 : sale force 銷售員
Nonpersonal非人員 (mass media大眾媒體): TV, newspaper, radio, direct mail, billboards廣告牌, magazine, internet,
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Advertising廣告
advantages優(yōu)點:
Message content control:control over what you can say to potential customers.可控制對潛在顧客所說的內(nèi)容
Very large reach:can reach a large number of customers efficiently 可有效傳達(dá)至大量顧客
Flexibility: images, symbols, and creative/ copy strategies. Many different kinds of images and symbol can be presented through a wide variety of media. 可經(jīng)由多種媒體傳送許多不同的影像、符號
Drawbacks缺點:
Evaluating effectiveness is difficult:評估其效能有困難
Often very expensive:經(jīng)常花費很大
Waste:經(jīng)常浪費,因為不是直接針對特定顧客的最好溝通
Noise:經(jīng)常被忽略或干擾
Clutter雜亂:顧客被廣告疲勞轟炸,廣告效果打折
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Direct Marketing 直接營銷
Direct marketing forms形式
Telemarketing電話營銷, direct-mail marketing直接郵件營銷, direct sales直銷, Internet網(wǎng)絡(luò)營銷.
Key advantages關(guān)鍵優(yōu)點:
Focus on target鎖定目標(biāo),Customized messages客制訊息, little waste很少浪費, evaluation is easy評估容易。
Key drawbacks缺點:
Consumer dislike消費者不喜歡, global restrictions全球限制, clutter, low response rates低響應(yīng)率.
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Sales Promotion促銷
Provide extra incentives to consumers or sales force to achieve a short-term objective.對消費者或銷售員提供額外的誘因以達(dá)成短期目標(biāo)
Consumer-Oriented Techniques銷費者導(dǎo)向技術(shù):
Coupons贈券, sweepstakes抽獎, rebates退費, samples贈送樣本, and point-of-purchase savings累積點數(shù)
Objective: stimulate short-term sales.目標(biāo):刺激短期銷售
Trade-Oriented Techniques貿(mào)易導(dǎo)向技術(shù):
Sales contests銷售比賽, training訓(xùn)練, and quantity discounts數(shù)量折扣
Objective: obtain distribution獲得經(jīng)銷商的支持.
優(yōu)點:產(chǎn)生可量測的短期銷售反應(yīng)
缺點:著重價格,導(dǎo)致顧客變得價格敏感、只有交易忠誠
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Publicity and Public Relations宣傳與公共關(guān)系
Sponsoring organization normally does not pay for the communication.正常下溝通不由負(fù)責(zé)機構(gòu)支付
Publicity typically takes the form of an article in a magazine/newspaper or TV news coverage宣傳的一般形式為雜志/報紙的文章或電視畫面.
Key advantage:
More credible than advertising.比較有公信力
Key drawback:
Sponsoring company has little control over placement or content贊助公司很難控制置入位置/時段或內(nèi)容.
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Personal Selling
The use of face-to-face communications between seller and buyer.買賣者之間使用面對面溝通
Largest part of marketing budget for business-to-business marketers.企業(yè)間大部分營銷使用此形式
Key advantages:
Customized presentations客制簡報
Immediate feedback to questions.對問題立即回饋
Key drawbacks:
Expensive費用太高
Control over final message delivered by sales representative is difficult.很難控制銷售代表最后的作法
10.2 Integrated Marketing Communications
整合之營銷溝通
Packaging包裝
Can communication messages about benefits, as well as image.可傳遞有關(guān)效益及形象的訊息
Trade shows貿(mào)易展
Key business-to-business communication venue.企業(yè)間溝通的重要場所
Events and Sponsorships事件活動與贊助
Product Placement on TV Shows and in Movies (Branded Entertainment)電視節(jié)目級電影中置入產(chǎn)品(品牌娛樂)
Product Demonstrations產(chǎn)品展示
Different task – different methods
不同任務(wù)─不同方法
Classically advertising has dominated the picture through mass media. 傳統(tǒng)上廣告透過大眾媒體主導(dǎo)形像。This is still the most effective way to create brand perceptions.廣告仍是創(chuàng)造品牌認(rèn)知最有效的方式。
When brands are built, other methods are more important e.g. sales promotion當(dāng)品牌建立后,其它方法就比較重要了,如促銷。
Advertising management廣告管理
Target audience目標(biāo)對象
Goal setting目標(biāo)設(shè)定
Message strategy訊息策略
Media planning媒體規(guī)劃
Budgeting預(yù)算制定
Measurement量測成效
Select the target audience
Customers
Noncustomers: potential investors, regulators, channel members, employees, others.
Setting Advertising Goals
To place sales goals on advertising is inappropriate
Intermediate objectives: customer response
Become aware
Develop attitude, preference, interest
Visit retailer, return reply card
Advertising Management
Developing the Message Strategy
Informational / Rational Appeals信息/理性吸引
Focus on functional or practical aspects of the product強調(diào)功能或?qū)嶋H面.
May feature a unique selling proposition也許描述獨特的銷售主張.
Several general types:
Feature/benefit appeals特征/效益吸引
Competitive advantage appeals競爭優(yōu)勢吸引
Favorable price appeals價格吸引
News appeals新主導(dǎo)
Product or service popularity appeals受歡迎
Product attributes.產(chǎn)品屬性
Advertising Management
Emotional Appeals
Attempt to appeal to an underlying psychological aspect of the purchase decision.
Several general types:
Humor幽默
Dramatization戲劇
Fantasy幻想
Personality symbols個性符號
Slice of life生命部分
Animation動畫
Testimonials證明書
Fear恐懼
Guilt罪惡
Sex性
Emotional appeals may enhance recall and brand liking.
Emotional vs. Rational
These ads demonstrate rational versus emotional message appeals. At the time of the initial ad campaign for the new Infiniti automobiles, the ads for rival Lexus (top) emphasized design and engineering, while the ads for Infiniti (bottom) did not even show the car.
Humor Appeals
This ad relies upon humor to communicate the message that skiers and snowboarders should wear helmets.
Copy testing
Evaluating Message Copy
評估訊息腳本
Laboratory Test實驗室測試
Consumer jury消費者小組
Portfolio test組合測試
Readability tests可讀性測試
Physiological methods物理學(xué)方法
Pupil dilation瞳孔放大
GSR/EDR(流電/電極反應(yīng))
Eye Tracking(眼睛追蹤)
Evaluating Message Copy
評估訊息腳本
Real-world Measures真實世界量測
Dummy advertising vehicles假的廣告載具
Inquiry tests詢問測試
On-the-air/recall tests播放/回憶測試
Recognition tests認(rèn)識測試
Sales/minimarket tests銷售/迷你市場測試
Selecting media
Traditional media and New media
Traditional media
TV
Magazines and newspapers(print)
Radio
Cable TV
Outdoor
New Media
The web
Branded Entertainment
Influencing Word-of-Mouth
Cell phones, video games, online games, blogs,
Advertising Management
Media Category Strengths & Weaknesses
Television
Reaches large numbers of people quickly
Best medium for action and image advertising
Enormously costly非常昂貴
Difficult to target narrow markets effectively
Not a strong choice for informational copy
Technology can be used to zap 快速移動or delete ads
Cable Television
Inexpensive
Can be targeted to more specific audiences
Offers the creative flexibility of television
Reach via certain channels can be low
Advertising Management
Media Category Strengths & Weaknesses
Magazines and Newspapers
Print is better for complicated messages
Longer message life; pass-along readership
Magazines are better than newspapers for color reproduction and for targeting more specific targets
Radio
Very inexpensive
Ads can be developed and aired quickly
Excellent for targeting specific audiences
Creative flexibility
Clutter and lack of demonstration are disadvantages
Advertising Management
Media Category Strengths & Weaknesses
Outdoor
Strong reminder medium; good for image advertising
Short message exposure time limits content
Legal regulations on location, size, and usage exist
The Web
Banner 大標(biāo)題ad click-through rates are low (less than 1%)
Banner ads impact awareness, attitudes, and brand equity positively
Pop-up ads achieve strong reach, but are annoying to consumers
The web offers interactivity that no other medium can match
Advertising Management
Choosing Specific Media Vehicles
Analyzing Media
Cost per thousand (CPM)
Gross rating points (GRPs)
Ratings and circulation data
Vehicle ratings by product usage
Regional differentiation
Contextual Fit
Media fit
Program and ad context
Duplication and Wearout
Duplication (frequency) is useful
Wearout occurs when customers tire of ad
Budgeting for advertising
There are different methods used to budget:
percentage of sales,
competitive parity,
objective and task,
affordability
The most often used method:
objective and task
Overall: try to justify strategic spending and communicate to company management
__
溝通與廣告策略Communications and Advertising Strategy(ppt)
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